What Is PHP?

The full form of PHP is Hypertext PreProcessor and is a server-side scripting language. The PHP code can be combined with regular HTML tags and parsed on the server. The creator of PHP, Rasmus Lerdorf first displayed the language in the form of a Perl script . In 1997 it was adapted by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski to use a C-written compiler. They completely reconstructed the original PHP into the web language that we know and use today.

Uses of PHP

It is used in the creation of dynamic web pages. Web developers like it because of its fast parsing and flexibility and versatility. PHP is a popular tool for managing a form's data after it is submitted and comes built in with many different interfaces and API's. It has database capability built into the language, the most common database being MySQL. Typically the PHP can connect to any SQL enabled database.

The Syntax of PHP is similar in structure to Perl and C where curly braces { } define blocks of code and semi-colons specify the end of a statement PHP is as easy to learn as Perl. It maintains all the traditional loops, if/else, and subroutines that are expected in a programming language. One difference between the two is that the code'?' is embedded in with the HTML; you could however, use a separate file. The PHP code is different from HTML code by use of the opening and closing tags. When it finds a PHP file, it tells the server to scan through for these tags, and execute the code in between them. The server recognizes a PHP enabled file by its extension, .php. These are essentially HTML files with PHP codes in them.

Getting Started

To start PHP requires a server with PHP installed and a simple ASCII text editor such as Notepad or VI, eMacs, Kate, etc. for a UNIX/Linux machine.

What are the problems faced by PHP?

It is case sensitive. For example if you name a variable $MyVar, you cannot call it as $myvar or $mYvAr. In case you forget to close your curly brackets, then it helps to indent lines inside the curly braces so that any missing braces can be spotted easily.

Nowadays a quality website is proven to be a key tool for spreading information about a company, its services and products to a vast audience across the Globe. But what is a quality website? It seems, there is no a simple answer to the question. Still there exist some general factors that determine the quality of a website and therefore its success.

An appealing design, comfortable navigation and quick website loading definitely attract visitors. The more difficult task is to convert visitors to clients and keep them coming back. This can be done by providing high quality content and updating the website on a regular basis. However for a website owner it can become a serious problem, as website maintenance requires technical skills and programming knowledge.

Of course, there are a lot of companies providing a variety of web mastering services such as news or upcoming events additions, product list changes and additions, photos, graphics and text additions and updates, and more. It all seems to be ideal but for one thing: as a rule, their prices are very high and not always affordable for small businesses.

Another solution to the problem of website maintenance is the implementation of a Content Management System, also known as CMS. It is an application combining web-based tools, web templates and a database in order to manage a content of a website. Content Management Systems are perfect for websites that require constant updates and additions.

CMS usually have user-friendly interface giving freedom for text editing, as well as for image managing. In fact, one of the main advantages of these systems is that you will be able to manage a web site's content without having to study web programming and deal with time-consuming technical tasks. All necessary website modifications and updates will be done immediately, no matter where you are: at your workplace, at home, or on vacations. You will just need a computer connected to the Internet.

There are a lot of different CMS packages available, some of them are free or open source, and some are commercial. A commercial Content Management System has a number of advantages, not the least of which is a guarantee of professional tech support and the possibility of development of specific extensions personally for your website. Commercial software is usually associated with a relatively high degree of safety as opposed to open source. So, if a website owner has the resources to purchase such a system, then it can be the safest way.

CMS also vary by structure and features. For example, Content Management Systems that use module architecture can be tailored to suite the needs of almost any website, be it a business site, an online shop, or a multilingual portal. These CMS offer additional modules and extensions covering up assorted functions. It may be a good choice for those website owners who are planning to expand their business and widen the range of their web services in future.

On the whole, the implementation of a CMS is a perfect solution for a wide variety of websites. Content Management Systems make it much easier for non-technical users to add, edit, and update their content on websites. It also helps to save a good sum of money as website owners do not have to pay a web master for their website maintenance.

A part of web development is copywriting. Excellent copy means it has to be appealing to both readers and to search engines. This combination will help websites to rank highly. A problem occurs when there are space constraints to a site, page layout requirements or other issues.

Because appealing to both readers and search engines is so important, you don't want to sacrifice one for the other. Adding a big block of copy to the middle of a page may not be the best answer, however, if a page needs content, adding a couple of sentences to the bottom of each section is a good option. Your copy will still be readable and the additional content will appeal to the search engines.

There are some things to remember when writing content for a website.

• Web users are active. One click and they have left your site. If they don't see a reason to stay, they won't. There is a 10 - 15 second window available to capture a visitor's attention.
• The longer the text is, the less likely they are to read it. With long text, they will skim it, if they bother to read it at all.
• Web users don't believe in hype. If you want a web user to believe you and to believe in you, you must back up your claims.

Four questions must be answered on each page:

• What am I doing here?
• How do I do it?
• What's in it for me?
• Where can I go, next?

If your design and navigation isn't obvious, then you need to explain it in the copy. Most visitors will not take the time to figure this information out. If a first time visitor cannot find their way around your site, they will likely never come back.

Unless your visitors are expecting to read something on your page, don't expect that they will read more than one or two lines of copy.

Understanding your copy is as important as length. Don't make the copy so complicated that it is difficult to comprehend or make it so the customer will have to think about it because they won't.

What this means is you want to convey one key idea in just one or two lines. Don't try to add a third line because if you say too much, then even the first idea won't penetrate. If your site needs more content, break it down into sections that are one or two paragraphs each. Say what you want to say in the first sentence and then expand the thought into the paragraph. Use meaningful headers. Most people will only scan the headers to the paragraphs and not even bother with the copy on the page, unless it is something that appeal to them. It is better to write only one or two lines with links to another page with the longer copy.

Even when users are expecting to find text heavy content, don't expect they will take the time to read all of it. Longer copy doesn't have to be as abrupt as shorter text, but it needs to be as easy to read.

Make your copy clear, but not boring. Lively writing with an unassuming voice is best. Boring writing will turn your reader off and nothing you say at that point will make it through.