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Semantic Web
Introduction Semantic web as defined by the creator of the web Tim Berners-Lee is "a web of data, in some ways like a global database" (Berners-Lee, 1998). To elaborate further Mr. Berners-Lee explains in an interview held by IDG Now, data is expressed on computers as associated files with applications that deal specifically with information, an example would be, data in calendars, bank systems, spreadsheets, and database application. Looking at a web page, data is not clearly defined and not associated with any of the applications usually on computers. Semantic web will allow data to interact and connect together; it will bring on a common data format for all applications, for databases and web pages alike (Moon, 1999). Semantic web is not to build an artificial intelligence system which allows computers to understand what humans write on web pages; on the contrary, it is an attempt to make web pages more understandable and well-defined to support automatic extraction of data from within web content (Berners-Lee, 1998). Analysis The emergence of the web and the way HTML took off was driven by how society's needed to grew, from Internet chat to file transfer to high-end communities through blogs and wiki's. HTML was not limited to web content, knowledge base and help files adapted the language as a format to document software applications and provide training material. The revolution of technologies on the Internet allowed companies like Google to index pages; a thought that was very far away, says Tim Berners-Lee in his lecture at MIT. Web services have evolved to pave the road for distributed information and modular programming allowing interoperability among sites. Through XML, data in one site can be used by another using the common protocols and standards supported by both (Berners-Lee, 1998). XML defines schemas that deal with fields of data, what is required is a system that can tell the computer what sort of information (data) it can derive from within a page (Moon, 1999). With Web 3.0 a site will provide data that can be navigated through and extracted from multiple sites, this is a result of the fact that semantic web data model is closely related to a relational database where records of data share common fields that connect them together (Berners-Lee, 1998). The solution provided to support semantic web is in the form of metadata that describes the data contained on web pages. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a base to manage metadata; it is the ground that computers can use to exchange and interact with applications on the Web (W3C RFC, 1999). The applications for RDF include digital libraries, online catalogs, and indexing systems that are usually associated with content and content relationships models deployed in most web pages. With RDF data within business portals will be analyzed and identified as resources, properties, or statements transparent to the domain, further more, the specifications will merge with other documents to comprise a framework of classes. Classes organized as a hierarchy comprises a schema that can be reusable as metadata definitions along side multiple platforms. Resources created in this hierarchy can be identified using a resource identifier (URI), which enables a document given to a machine with this identification to be recognized by the system and triggers it to dig and find similar data (Berners-Lee, 1998). Implications Semantic web can be the solution to overpower the limitations of current information management systems in finding and extracting data from unorganized resources. RDF is meant to describe any data regardless of its character, location, source, or type, the concept of URI is richer to uniquely identify any object on the web (Berners-Lee, 1998). The pillars of Semantic web are standards and common protocols that are the bases for knowledge representation; HTML, RDF, the data language resource description web ontology language (OWL) that describes to the machine what is going on, in addition to RDF1 which is a query language to make inquiries among machines much easer, will all emerge and collaborate to bring in more to the web and more intelligent programs that will bring the Internet more closer (Cleave, 2004). The current research and implementation of Abilene network and the Next Generation Internet (NGI) Internet 2 of high-performance backbone network linking major universities and research labs across the US, is a good foundation for what Semantic web can do, and represent the perfect platform for grid computing, digital libraries, virtual laboratories, and distance learning (Abilene, Internet2). Internet2 or I2 was developed by a group of universities in 1996 providing improved connectivity standards to reach 10gbps (gigabits per second). With more than 227 universities and libraries connected, network based applications and experimental programs can run on this network of high-bandwidth connection feeding on the latest technology of gigabit Ethernet and IP protocol version 6 (Reardon, 2004). Semantic web standards can be the base of material and data distributed on this network, providing the best test platform to explore the full potential and what can be achieved. Conclusion Tim Berners-Lee believes that with Web 3.0 we can succeed and fantastic things can happen, but the infrastructure need to be built, laws of privacy and security need to be revised and honored, further more, the web need to remain open for researchers to allow for continuous upgrade and development. Semantic web will kick off when individuals materialize the need to work on data processing, and think about collaborating their data, with company's information and that of the government (Moon, 1999). References:
A Primer On Automatic Website Builder
In the recent past, the Internet has become the prime means of media connection around the world. Aside from providing a fast and inexpensive means of imparting and extracting information, cyberspace has also redefined the very lifestyle of people around the world. From shopping to taking up courses, people have found immeasurable uses for the Internet. No wonder then that everyone wants a space in cyber world. A website is the means of publishing personal or corporate information over the Internet. It is like a unique telephone number over a vast circuit of telephone lines; or better put, a unique address in the wide world of cyber space. However, it is a well-known fact that not everybody knows how to create a website. A vast majority of Internet users who would like their very own web address in cyberspace do not have either the skills or the time to learn the intricacies of creating a website. This is where an awb comes in handy. As the name indicates, an automatic website builder is an application or a group of applications that lets an individual who has no knowledge of underlying website software applications and languages involved build a website without sweat. Unlike an HTML editor which merely facilitates in the creation of correct HTML scripts, an automatic builder provides the user with web page templates that are already built and can be modified by the user according to his or her preferences. Aside from pre-fabricated templates, some awb provide other important features as well. A number of automatic website builders have Shipping Cart feature that enables web visitors to shop for goods offered at the website. Still, other programs have built-in survey counters that can monitor the traffic of users who visited the website. An automatic builder makes the process of putting the latest and most relevant information or content in a user's website quick and easy. Having the freshest content in a website means satisfied web visitors. This translates to higher traffic; therefore, improving a website's list ranking in search engines like Google. Some websites come with a price. The range of prices may be as wide as a few bucks per month for subscription setting to more than a hundred dollars for one-time purchase arrangements. Others can be availed for free. A purchased website builder provides premium features than a free program. A purchased program can come with unlimited number of website designs which could easily be a means to make money. By creating unique websites for friends and other customers, a user can easily earn additional income. Plus, this type of builder has tie-ups with other certified applications that can be enjoyed for free. A free application, like the one commonly used for blog websites, has a limited number of website design concepts. There is a high probability that using this type of builder will be prone to pop-ups and third party piggyback advertisements. However, while the uniqueness or even the security of a website may be compromised, a free automatic website builder has zero cost. Automatic website builders can be classified into to basic types; online and offline. An online builder enables users to edit the website they created using a web browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape. While an offline builder requires users to edit the site in a computer's local application before the edited website can be published. But no matter what type of automatic website builder application is used, the user is sure to have an efficient, effective and a fun way of building websites. For more internet marketing tips and strategies be sure to follow the link in the resource box below:
First Steps To Website Internationalization - Glossary
Making your web site easy for international visitors to understand is what website internationalization is all about. There are times when differences in vocabulary may crop up. This can even happen across different industries in the same country. One of the ways you can help your readers is to start a Glossary. In your glossary you can list industry specific words and all words you use commonly where others may not have the exact same understanding. If you explain a process in your communication, think of including verbs in your glossary. The key to making your glossary work for you is to strive for accuracy, clarity, and ease of understanding. Accuracy In some cases a lack of accuracy can have devastating effects.
Clarity A glossary's aim is to give a clear meaning to the words you use. Keep your explanations as clear as possible. If they only lead to further misunderstandings or do not answer the readers questions, you would be better off without one. Ease Of Understanding Keep your glossary very easy read and people will enjoy reading it. Pay attention to the general appearance of the glossary as a whole as well as the individual explanations. An Added Value After ready through a well done glossary, the reader may well come away feeling appreciative of the easy to read informative experience. It is a wonderful touch of thoughtfulness to your international visitors. Non-native English speakers will greatly appreciate its value. Prepares For Translation A glossary is highly recommended in certain industries where specific vocabulary requires expert translations. In some instances some people feel they can take a dictionary out and provide translations of key vocabulary in languages other than their mother-tongue. This can lead to further misunderstandings. A glossary well done is far better than taking on translation skills when you do not have them. However, your glossary will be of significant value to a professional translator once you decide to offer multilingual services. Glossaries are also appreciated in non-technical areas too. Cultural habits differ. People can use vocabulary differently. Glossaries provide insight into how you communicate and provide a base for cross-cultural dialogue.
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