Reusing pieces of HTML code is a common way of making web sites (or web applications) more consistent, reliable, and more manageable. Even a small web site consisting of perhaps 20 or 30 web pages can benefit from reusing code for header and footer sections, for example. If the same header or footer is used across all the pages on the site, it makes sense to put the header and footer code in separate files, and then call those files to insert their contents where required.

PHP offers two statements that can be used for inserted the contents of one file inside another: include() and require(). These two statements are virtually identical, with the only real difference being that if require() fails, it gives a fatal error, whereas if include() fails it just gives a warning. For this reason I tend to use the include() statement as it just seems slightly more friendly.

So, to include the contents of a file called header.inc inside a web page called index.php, you would just need to insert the following line of code (wrapped in PHP opening and closing tags) inside index.php.

Include 'header.inc';

As PHP takes no notice of the extension used for the included file, you can use whatever extension you want to. Be careful though, if you put passwords inside an include file with a .inc extension, they will be visible. You can get around this by putting include files that contain sensitive information outside the document tree to prevent people from browsing to them.

In Part 2 we'll look at the use of functions when developing web sites and applications.

There are many advantages to building a good website. A good website is like good real estate. A good website is measured by the quality of traffic it receives and the value of content it contains. Good websites get linked to naturally. This is powerful when it comes to search engine optimization.

So your goal when building a website is to build it properly from the ground up. The first element of building any website is research. What is your site going to be about and how are you going to provide good quality content.

Good quality content is king online. People jump online everyday seeking information in one way or another. This can be for entertainment purposes or for the purpose of research.

Good content is going to have good research behind it. While this may all sound a little complicated it really is not. Always remember to keep it simple and do not lose sight of the fact that this medium in essence is no different than others. You will still need to communicate with people and as result you will develop relationships that will benefit all parties concerned.

When you provide benefits and show results you will develop credibility resulting in a website that will make you money not just today but well into the future. As you know you will always know the difference between somebody who loves what they do and somebody who does not. So choose a topic of interest and research it extensively and help you visitors do what's best for them and the rest will be history

To learn more about how you can put this together select any of the following links.

BETA is a pure object oriented programming language developed by Scandinavian School in System Development, Nordic Universities.

This was released after a series of enhancements of their first object oriented language SimulaI which was a simulation language. Soon it was generalized into Simula67 which had the object oriented framework, and worked on the concepts of class, sub-class, virtual functions etc. This was enhanced by another object oriented language Delta that worked for system description; this meant it could express predicate logic and state changes. This was a non-executable effort and thus did not qualify as a language. So it was decided to design a programming language Gamma that works as Delta but is executable.

Eventually, Gamma was never made, rather Beta was made. While Beta was being made, it was realized that Beta was much more powerful than what Gamma would be or ever could be. Beta is a programming language like C++.

Currently, BETA is available on UNIX workstations, on PowerPC Macintosh and on Intel-based PCs. BETA has an optimum balance between compile time checking and run time checking. The type cast checking is done at compile time, however, for the entire set of type check and type conversion to be done at compile time requires a lot of time and thus increases the complexity of a program. Thus, an optimum balance has been made.

BETA is a logical description of the language. It works on the concepts of class, sub-class, virtual functions etc. It also contains transient variables, ones whose scope is program execution, and persistent variables, those whose values are retained in the disk space and are available at the time of next execution.