Internet is the new media that has been creating a buzz everywhere lately. Be it an aspiring musician or model or a successful organization, everyone now wants to make their presence felt on the new media, the much hyped and talked about internet. And this online presence is often done by creating a website or webpage containing useful information along with media files that help to highlight the USP of the individual or organization. The main idea is to get an edge over competition by venturing into a newly and still largely untapped region. But this "untapped region" is not so untapped after all. It's a common trend for businesses and individuals to go online in the present day and this has again effectively introduced a new area of competition. There are millions of websites and webpages scattered all over the World Wide Web and the numbers are growing every single second. So how does a particular site stand out from its competitors, attract more clients and exert the maximum influence?

In order to answer this question, we need to understand the source of visitors to any website. There can be many sources like hyperlinks from a particular page, word of mouth and viral procedures. However, the primary source of visitor to any website is through the search engines. Search engines list websites on the basis of a number of parameters and the ones listed on the first page, especially towards the top, gets more visitors than the others. In order to get a website listed on the top of any search engine result index, a whole lot of technical issues need to be taken care of. These are known as search engine optimization techniques. However, it's not just these techniques that would help a website to gain advantage over its competitions. The SEO techniques require support from the design aspects too. For example a particular website with very good search engine listing would attract a lot of visitors but if it does not have a proper navigation facility, the visitors would not be able to find what they are looking for and would eventually abandon the site.

It is definitely not possible by any one person to handle all the aspects of an effective website. So the best possible option is to go for professional help. One good thing is, presently there are several companies that offer professional website development service at an affordable rate. However, it's best to have an overview of the services they offer before entrusting one with the job. A firm that offers a whole bunch of services right from the development of the site, the designing aspects and search engine optimization techniques to support each other would surely be the best choice.

Thus it could be concluded that website development services are quite essential in order to have an effective website developed, for individuals or organizations interested in making their presence felt on the internet and gain advantage over competitions.

Reusing pieces of HTML code is a common way of making web sites (or web applications) more consistent, reliable, and more manageable. Even a small web site consisting of perhaps 20 or 30 web pages can benefit from reusing code for header and footer sections, for example. If the same header or footer is used across all the pages on the site, it makes sense to put the header and footer code in separate files, and then call those files to insert their contents where required.

PHP offers two statements that can be used for inserted the contents of one file inside another: include() and require(). These two statements are virtually identical, with the only real difference being that if require() fails, it gives a fatal error, whereas if include() fails it just gives a warning. For this reason I tend to use the include() statement as it just seems slightly more friendly.

So, to include the contents of a file called header.inc inside a web page called index.php, you would just need to insert the following line of code (wrapped in PHP opening and closing tags) inside index.php.

Include 'header.inc';

As PHP takes no notice of the extension used for the included file, you can use whatever extension you want to. Be careful though, if you put passwords inside an include file with a .inc extension, they will be visible. You can get around this by putting include files that contain sensitive information outside the document tree to prevent people from browsing to them.

In Part 2 we'll look at the use of functions when developing web sites and applications.

An SSL, or Secure Socket Layer, is technology that has been developed that allows web browsers and web servers to communicate over a secured connection.

The system uses cryptography that uses two keys to encrypt data  a public key known to everyone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of the message. It’s a way to encrypt data, like credit cards numbers (as well other personally identifiable information), which prevents the "bad guys" from stealing your information for malicious intent.

The recently introduced SSL v3 improved upon SSL v2 by adding SHA-1 based ciphers, and support for certificate authentication. SSL v2 was known to be flawed in a variety of ways. Identical cryptographic keys are used for message authentication and encryption. The older version did not have any protection for the handshake, meaning a Man-in-the-middle downgrade attack could go undetected.

SSL has recently been succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), which is based on SSL and is included as part of both the Microsoft and Netscape browsers and most Web server products. SSL uses the public-and-private key encryption system from RSA, which also includes the use of a digital certificate.

SSL-enabled client software can use standard techniques of public-key cryptography to check that a server's certificate and public ID are valid and have been issued by a certificate authority (CA) listed in the client's list of trusted CAs. Client authentication allows a server to confirm a user's identity. It’s a way to assure a client that they are dealing with the real server they intended to connect to. It can prevent any unauthorized clients from connecting to the server, preventing anyone from meddling with data going to or coming from the server.

From the very beginning SSL was designed to provide security between client and server, and to avoid any kind of 3-way man-in-the-middle attack.

Conceptually it’s quite simple: it negotiates the cryptography algorithms and keys between two sides of a communication, and establishes an encrypted tunnel through which other protocols (like HTTP) can be transported. It can also be easily passed through firewalls and proxies, as well as through NAT (Network Address Translation) without issues.