Functions are used to perform a well defined task that is normally repeated at various places within a web site, web application, or other software application. The function sometimes needs certain information before performing its task, and sometimes returns a value to the calling page or program.

An example of how to use a simple function in PHP:

 function showMessage() {
echo "{$_SESSION["message"]}"; }

The above example shows a very simple function that displays the contents of a session variable called 'message'. The idea being that while a user is using a web site, etc, various messages are generated and stored in the 'message' session variable. Whenever the showMessage function is called, the contents of the session variable are displayed. So, for example, when the user logs on, you could display a message saying that they have done so. Likewise, when they log off, a different message could be displayed.

Calling a function

To call the showMessage function, you would just need to include the line:

showMessage()

in the web page (wrapped in php tags to distinguish it from normall HTML).

Passing values to a function

Often, a function requires one or more input values in order to perform its task. For example, take the following example that takes two numbers as input, and adds them together. The result is then returned to the calling web page or program.

function addNumbers($number1,$number2) {
$answer = $number1 + $number2;
return $answer; }

In the calling program we would have something similar to the following:

$number1 = "5";
$number2 = "6";
$sumOfNumbers = addNumbers($number1,$number2);
echo "$sumOfNumbers";

Obviously, in a real program you would not have the numbers hardcoded like this, but they would be obtained from user input or by some other means. Notice also that although the name of the returned variable is $answer, the calling program makes no reference to that. We could, if we wanted to, change the calling program to:

$answer = addNumbers($number1,$number2);
echo "$answer";

which might make things slightly easier to understand.

When choosing the best content management system for your project, it is important to weigh both the technical and non-technical pros and cons. Both technical and non-technical reasons can ultimately affect the bottom line cost. Therefore, it is not recommended to simply choose a content management system based solely on technical language or feature set. In this article, we will take a look at an open source content management system called Radiant CMS.

Radiant is a Ruby on Rails based solution that works with a variety of databases. It has a few years of development and a couple noteworthy deployments. There are technical and non-technical reasons why Radiant CMS is a good choice for a content management system.

Technical Reasons to Choose Radiant CMS: It's Ruby on Rails based which can speed development by taking advantage of the convention over configuration paradigm. In addition, the Radiant code base has excellent automated coverage in unit tests. This means the code is well tested and robust. Unit test code coverage can be one aspect to measure when considering open source content management systems. In fact, we could suggest the amount of code covered by automated unit and integration tests should be considered when choosing any open source library and/or framework. It is an easy indicator to measure and compare. But, that is an entirely different conversation.

Radiant CMS also has an excellent extension system. This allows customizations required by your project to be made. When choosing a content management system, the ability to add and maintain any customizations should be an important factor. This point should be considered not only from the beginning, but how your customizations will evolve as upgrades and enhancements occur within your chosen content management system. In other words, if the core CMS is modified to provide the custom functionality, how can upgrades or patches from the core CMS developers be applied to your modified version. Radiant's extension system provides this separation of concern.

The Radius tagging system of Radiant is fantastic for adding dynamic functionality. It is nice that tags can be added directly to page content rather than some kind of comment or special character sequence in order to indicate non-static content.

Non-Technical Reasons to Choose Radiant CMS: Radiant has an elegant, intuitive administrative interface. It is not intimidating to the non-technical user. In fact, the design encourages people to embrace using the system, because they assume it is going to be easy to pick up and learn.

The lack of workflow functionality can be considered a feature in many cases. In competing CMS products, workflow can seem like an attractive feature at first, but is often hindrance to configure and work around for projects which require only a few administrators of content.

An additional, non-technical reason to choose Radiant CMS is cost. The project is open source and the community of ruby on rails developers and ruby on rails hosting providers is growing, so your cost risk of obtaining these resources is minimized.

Conclusion

From a technical perspective, the open source, Ruby on Rails based Radiant CMS makes an excellent choice. From a non-technical perspective, Radiant CMS makes an excellent choice as well. When combining both perspectives, we have had many positive project experiences and deployments using Radiant over the past year and a half.

'Fully integrated' is a term used to describes websites that are progressive enough to include virtually every form of online media in their web presence.

If you look at sites like Yahoo, Forbes and virtually any of the major television network sites you can gain some idea of what I am taking about.

These sites contain either news of blog information. They also contain original video streaming sources and audio streams including podcasts. These sites tend to subscribe to the idea that the web user wants it all and should be able to find it all when they visit the business site.

A fully integrated site will often use flash or other animated or moving text. The interesting dynamic is that the best of these sites understand navigation and ease of use remains a critical concern for guests.

Forbes, for example is highly adept at slideshow type presentations on a multitude of topics. It could be top selling cars, entertainers, vacation hot spots, etc. These slideshows are optimized for search engines and are easy to breeze through.

It seems as if a site like this has the potential to garner some of the same consumers of media that have been courted mostly by network television or traditional newsprint.

Most fully integrated sites did not start off that way. In most cases they worked through issues they could easily address and then added features as their knowledge and confidence grew in relation to the their site development skills.

That's something I have always suggested. Do the best you can at developing a site with the most comprehensive development techniques at your disposal. That doesn't mean you have to have a fully integrated site in order to conduct business, but it does mean that you do not simply wipe your brow, release a sigh and suggest to yourself that your work is finished.

The truth is there are more skills in online web development that are being released than ever before. More programs are working with each other allowing a new robust platform for online use. The role of online web development is an ever changing - ever growing function in relation to how you manage your site and in the use of the most effective marketing tools available.

Many sites will develop an internal compass that provides the date they want to upgrade the website to include new functions. In essence they treat their website like software developers treat upgrades. Some will even go so far as to indicate their website has gone from version 1.0 to version 1.1 or 1.5. The idea is to challenge their own thinking in relation to developing a website even after the website has been launched.

This has the potential of keeping visitors interested in finding out what improvements you will come up with next.

Perhaps the greatest development rule of thumb is that you should always strive to be more integrated by attempting to meet the real and perceived expectations of your site visitors. This mentality will always give you a new goal line in your race for the perfect business.