Reusing pieces of HTML code is a common way of making web sites (or web applications) more consistent, reliable, and more manageable. Even a small web site consisting of perhaps 20 or 30 web pages can benefit from reusing code for header and footer sections, for example. If the same header or footer is used across all the pages on the site, it makes sense to put the header and footer code in separate files, and then call those files to insert their contents where required.

PHP offers two statements that can be used for inserted the contents of one file inside another: include() and require(). These two statements are virtually identical, with the only real difference being that if require() fails, it gives a fatal error, whereas if include() fails it just gives a warning. For this reason I tend to use the include() statement as it just seems slightly more friendly.

So, to include the contents of a file called header.inc inside a web page called index.php, you would just need to insert the following line of code (wrapped in PHP opening and closing tags) inside index.php.

Include 'header.inc';

As PHP takes no notice of the extension used for the included file, you can use whatever extension you want to. Be careful though, if you put passwords inside an include file with a .inc extension, they will be visible. You can get around this by putting include files that contain sensitive information outside the document tree to prevent people from browsing to them.

In Part 2 we'll look at the use of functions when developing web sites and applications.

In layman language Web 2.0 means the second generation of web development. The first generation web development is considered to be the great dot-com bubble of late 90's and the rupture of which around late 2001 triggered ubiquitous reactions that the Web was over hyped. Concept of second generation of Web development started after a media conference between O'Reilly and MediaLive International. In this brainstorming session it was realized that the web has thrown up more interesting applications and Web technology has emerged more important that ever and the word Web 2.0 was coined. Web 2.0 is a business revolution making a bent towards the web as a platform. Web 2.0 doesn't have a definite boundary and there are several things encompassing a core. Web 2.0 is visualized as principles and collection of numerous sites running on those principles at some distance from the core.

Since then Web 2.0 has remained a top level discussion for proper definition and boundary that is yet to be reached. One can simply say blogs, social bookmarking, wikis, podcasts, RSS feeds, and lightweight business over a single platform. Web is no more one way, now uploading, and downloading of information happens simultaneously, sharing and distributing contents across networks leveraging the power of "Long Tail".

Web 2.o includes numerous practices. Here are some typically implemented practices by websites:

• Well-off internet applications based on Flex or Ajax.
• This intend to allow information intended for end-users, such as contact information, calendar events, geographic coordinates, content life, social relationships etc
• Presentation is separated from content through Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
• High-end APIs (Application programming interfaces).
• Content Syndication through RSS or Atom.
• Facility for content creation through users, also by machines from client side or server side.

Content Syndication: Syndicating partial or whole content through standard protocols such as RSS, Atom, and RDF by using XML so as to be used by the end-users for their need.

Some misconceptions on Web 2.0:

• Curvy designs (This curvy structures became widely popular at the same time, designers also started making more websites with this cool looking styles)
• Use of Ajax or Flex (Which happens to come in the same time of Web 2.0, No doubt that websites with web 2.0 architecture needs these to work well.)

Web 2.0 is not an alien to criticism and had its fair share. Here are some criticisms leveled at Web 2.0

• Web 2.0 is not a new version of World Wide Web at all. It merely uses the technologies and architectures of Web 1.0.
• Ajax is not substituting the HTML protocol; it's an additional layer over HTML.
• Blogs or social networking was features of Amazon.com since 1995 when the word called Web 2.0 dint exist. It's way more than only blogs and social networking.

Today more and more number of IT companies is outsourcing their web development services to developing countries like India. There are plenty of good quality outsourcing web development companies located in India and provide a ready resource of quality talent.

So why outsource?

There are many reasons why many a web development company in India has received lucrative outsourced projects from abroad. Most IT companies find that they incur greater cost savings by leveraging services from a web development company India. In addition to that most of the Indian software engineers possess a high quality of education and even language does not pose a problem as with other countries such as China etc.

Much more than cost savings!

There are several benefits an IT company can obtain by outsourcing its web development services to India. While earlier the main focus used to be on cost savings, today the reason India is a preferred outsourcing destination is because of the high caliber of talent here. The Indian standard of education is very high and hence the quality of engineering talent is also high.

Realization of ROI

By leveraging dedicated website development services in India, many foreign companies are finding tremendous benefits, not to mention an almost immediate realization of ROI. With dedicated timelines and strict adherence to project schedules product launches are made on time, with the result that the IT company can now begin to realize ROI that much faster.

Flexible engagement model

In addition many web site development company India are following a stringent and highly process oriented engagement model. That means that irrespective of whether the IT Company is a start up or a full fledged organization, the relative go to market timelines will be eventually accelerated.

Non-core issues handled

Apart from this several outsourcing web development companies also seek to undertake infrastructure issues. For example a regular ODC modeled company that also incubates the client's development facility will most often take care of tertiary issues like HR, legal aspects as well as recruitment functions. That also means that the IT company can now focus on only its core competencies as most tertiary aspects are handled by the outsourcing company in India!

Domain expertise

Many companies located in India specialize in dedicated niches of various industry verticals. That means that no matter what your niche is or what category your product belongs to, India can deliver high quality web development services. The engineers here possess a high quality of domain and technical expertise. India is preferred for outsourcing projects not just for cost savings but also for the quality of services offered.